The NaturalVue Multifocal Contact Lens – Astigmatism ‘masking’ or ‘correcting’?

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Optical treatments for myopia control include spectacles and contact lenses. Contact lens options for myopia control are attractive because generally their myopia control efficacy has been shown to be better than progressive addition and bifocal spectacles.1

When prescribing contact lenses (CLs) for children, daily disposable CLs are the safest contact lens modality, compared to reusable soft CLs or orthokeratology. Read more about messaging on this in our blog Contact Lens Safety in Kids. When it comes to the logistics of CL wear, one study showed that 8-11 year old children are capable of handling daily disposable CLs independently.2

In this case, RH is looking for daily disposable contact lens for a 10-year-old child who has low astigmatism. The discussion is described below.

NATURALVUE CASE

Two daily disposable soft CL options have been researched and commercially released for myopia control - Visioneering Technologies' NaturalVue Multifocal,3 and CooperVision's MiSight.4

The optical design of these two lenses is quite different. You can read more about the lens design and evidence base for myopia control in Understanding the NaturalVue Multifocal contact lens.

It is a standard approach to fit spherical contact lenses - whether single vision or multifocal - for patients up to and including 0.75D of astigmatism. Correcting 0.75 to 1.75D of astigmatism in adults has been shown to improve acuity and reduce eye strain.5 The same research has not been undertaken in children.

The NaturalVue multifocal lens can also be used for presbyopia, in which case the NaturalVue fitting guide advocates selecting patients with no more than 1D of astigmatism. The more extensively detailed Professional Fitting and Information Guide, though, states that "The [multifocal] lenses may be worn by persons who exhibit astigmatism of 2.00 diopters or less that does not interfere with visual acuity."

This potential for correcting higher levels of astigmatism than is typical in spherical multifocal CLs is likely due to the unique optics of the NaturalVue lens, where the 'extended depth of focus' design is explained to create a 'virtual pinhole aperture'. With practitioner knowledge of how a pinhole typically works, a 'virtual pinhole' raises the question of correcting for higher levels of astigmatism.

Astigmatism 'masking' or 'correcting'?

The child to be fitted with contact lenses in this case has 1D of astigmatism. RH asked if any lens could 'mask' this astigmatism, and the majority of the commenters suggested NaturalVue.

'Masking' astigmatism is a term used to describe the reduction of the visual impact of low to moderate amounts of astigmatism in a spherical CL correction. Right back in 1989, 'masking' 0.50 to 1.00D of astigmatism in spherical CL wear was shown not to be effective.6 

This was confirmed in a more detailed 2005 study where adults with 0.75 or 1.00D of astigmatism were fit with aspheric single vision CLs. There was no visual impact of the uncorrected astigmatism with 2mm pupils but there was with 4mm and 6mm artificial pupil sizes.7

So why is the NaturalVue Multifocal potentially suitable for up to 2D of astigmatism, according to the manufacturers? It is likely not 'masking' astigmatism but rather 'partially correcting' it through the 'virtual pinhole aperture' created by the optics of the design. This reflects the comment of DB above.

How should we manage astigmatism in contact lenses?

Trial lens fitting, with at least 10 minutes of settling time, is recommended in the NaturalVue Multifocal CL fitting guide. The three-step fitting guide also states the importance of refracting the patient to 6/5 (20/15) and then inputting their full sphero-cylindrical refraction into the QuickStart Calculator to optimize the chances of adaptation and fitting success.

If acuity is too impaired by the uncorrected astigmatism, but the safety and handling advantages of a daily disposable CL are of key importance to you and your patient, some practitioners advocate correcting residual astigmatism with spectacles worn over the CLs. Read our case report on NaturalVue Multifocal Contact Lens Fitting And Astigmatism for an example where this clinical approach was taken.

Some of the commenters suggested orthokeratology for astigmatism. Orthokeratology is also the only intervention for which there is research data on myopia control efficacy for higher levels of astigmatism, up to 3.50 DC.8 Dependent on corneal toricity, spherical orthokeratology lenses can correct for up to 1.50D of astigmatism and provide good acuity.9 Ultimately this decision will be based on the pros and cons of each modality and practitioner access to the various contact lens options available.

Take home messages:

  1. The NaturalVue Multifocal contact lens is purported to be suitable for patients up to 2D of astigmatism, provided good acuity is maintained. This is recommendation is a lot higher than typical multifocal CL designs, likely due to a 'partial correction' offered by the unique optical design.
  2. 'Masking' of astigmatism in spherical CLs is not considered to be successful, but the terminology persists.
  3. Trial lens fitting and following the manufacturer's fitting guides will allow the best chance to assess the impact of uncorrected astigmatism when fitting a spherical multifocal lens like NaturalVue.
Kimberley 120x120

About Kimberley

Kimberley Ngu is a clinical optometrist from Perth, Australia, with experience in patient education programs, having practiced in both Australia and Singapore.

Connie headshot 120x120

About Connie

Connie Gan is a clinical optometrist from Kedah, Malaysia, who provides comprehensive vision care for children and runs the myopia management service in her clinical practice.

This content is brought to you thanks to an unrestricted educational grant from

References

  1. Huang J, Wen D, Wang Q, McAlinden C, Flitcroft I, Chen H, Saw SM, Chen H, Bao F, Zhao Y, Hu L, Li X, Gao R, Lu W, Du Y, Jinag Z, Yu A, Lian H, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Qu J. Efficacy Comparison of 16 Interventions for Myopia Control in Children: A Network Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2016 Apr;123(4):697-708. (link)
  2. Walline JJ, Long ST, Zadnik K. Daily disposable contact lens wear in myopic children. Optometry and vision science. 2004 Apr 1;81(4):255-9. (link)
  3. Cooper J, O'Connor B, Watanabe R, Fuerst R, Berger S, Eisenberg N, Dillehay SM. Case series analysis of myopic progression control with a unique extended depth of focus multifocal contact lens. Eye & contact lens. 2018 Sep 1;44(5):e16-24. (link)
  4. Chamberlain, P. et al. A 3-year randomized clinical trial of MiSight lenses for myopia control. Optom Vis Sci. 2019;96:556-567. (link)
  5. Berntsen DA, Cox SM, Bickle KM, et al. A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Toric Versus Spherical Contact Lenses on Vision and Eyestrain. Eye Contact Lens. 2019;45(1):28-33. (link)
  6. Snyder C, Talley DK. Masking of astigmatism with selected spherical soft contact lenses. J Am Optom Assoc. 1989 Oct;60(10):728-31. (link)
  7. Morgan PB, Efron SE, Efron N, Hill EA. Inefficacy of aspheric soft contact lenses for the correction of low levels of astigmatism. Optom Vis Sci. 2005 Sep;82(9):823-8. (link)
  8. Cho P, Cheung SW, Mountford J, White P. Good clinical practice in orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2008 Feb;31(1):17-28. (link)
  9. Chen C, Cheung SW, Cho P. Myopia control using toric orthokeratology (TO-SEE study). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2013 Oct 1;54(10):6510-7. (link)

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